我国义务教育均衡发展40年:回眸与反思——基于数据分析的视角

Forty Years of the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education in China:Retrospection and Reflection——From the Perspective of Data Analysis

在新时代"办人民满意教育"的新要求下,推进义务教育均衡发展的合理性、现实性、迫切性日益凸显。回眸改革开放40年来我国义务教育均衡发展由"非均衡发展"逐步转向"基本均衡发展",继而转向"优质均衡发展"的历程,从"区域"和"城乡"的宏大视域出发,在借鉴、整理与分析了《中国教育统计年鉴》等文献资料的基础上进行了大量的、科学的数据计算与分析。分析结果表明,我国义务教育均衡发展在教育经费投入、师资队伍、办学条件等方面取得突出成就,区域、城乡教育差距明显缩小,义务教育均衡发展水平显著提升。然而,基于新时代发展视角反思仍存在教育经费"中部塌陷"、师资"难招难留"等现实困境。对此提出实施差别化的转移支付责任分担机制、精准补充教师队伍等对策建议。

With the new requirements of "running an education to achieve the people’s satisfaction" in this new era,the rationality,reality and urgency of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education has become increasingly prominent.By reviewing the history of 40 years’ Reform and Opening-up,we find that the balanced development of China’s compulsory education has changed step by step,firstly from "unbalanced development" to "basic balanced development" and then to the level of "quality and balanced development".By setting out from the perspective of "regional" and "urban and rural",the authors have gathered information from Educational Statistics Yearbook of China and other materials,and carried out analysis of a large number of scientific data.The results of data analysis show that the balanced development of compulsory education in China has made outstanding achievements in funding,construction of teaching staff,and conditions for running schools.Meanwhile,the educational gap between urban and rural areas has been significantly narrowed.In one word,the level of the balanced development of compulsory education has been significantly improved.However,in terms of development in the new era,there are still some real dilemmas such as the "central collapse" of educational funding and the difficulty of recruiting and maintaining teachers.For these reasons,it is necessary to implement a responsibility sharing mechanism which assumes a differentiated transfer payment system,and an accurate supply of teaching staff.