抗战时期中国动力燃料问题再研究——以桐油车研制为中心的考察

A Re-Study of China's Fuel Energy in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Invasion——An Analysis of Wood Oil Car Manufacturing

全面抗日战争爆发前,中国是个贫油国家,汽油的需求几乎全部依赖进口。全面抗日战争爆发后,中国动力燃料问题立即凸显出来。国民政府在采取外国进口、发掘新油矿、制造汽油替代品等措施保障汽油供给的同时,也转换解决路径制造新型汽车以适应中国现有的普通油料。中国汽车制造公司积极响应国民政府号召,在德制柴油汽车的基础上,着手研制桐油车、桐油引擎及其零部件。1940年2月,中国汽车制造公司研制桐油引擎成功,同年11月起开始批量生产桐油车。桐油车、桐油引擎及其零部件供给国民政府军政部交通司各战区交通处、财政部、盐务总局、资委会、运务处、重庆市公共汽车管理处等军事交通机关使用。不可否认,在原料匮乏、借贷经营等因素影响下,桐油车在战时发挥的作用极为有限,甚至远无法与使用酒精的汽车相比较。不过,可以肯定的是,桐油车研制及使用,一改之前一直强调的"燃料—汽车"思路为"汽车—燃料"路径,既在前方国防抗战及后方交通运输中发挥了一定的作用,也在中国汽车工业发展历史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。

All the fossil oil in China was imported before1937.The problem of fossil oil supply became more serious after the outbreak of the War in1937.The national government not only took some measures to ensure the supply,such as importing fossil oil.exploring new mines and producing substitutes,but also invented a new type of car which can be powered by the existing ordinary oil in China.China Automobile Manufacturing Corporation developed wood oil cars and engines based on the technology of Germany diesel engine car in reacting to the requirement of government.The first wood oil engine was created by China Automobile Manufacturing Corporation in February1940,and wood oil cars were produced on a large scale in November1940.which were utilized by many departments of the national government.But it was not successful due many factors,including poor supply of raw materials and financing problems.Finally,the inventing and using pattern of wood oil car in the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion changed from"fuel energy-car"to"car-fuel energy",which not only assisted the frontline and transportation in home front of the war.but also marked a progress in the history of car manufacturing industry in China.