文冠果人工种群类型划分及优良类型选择

Type division and fine type selection of artificial Xanthoceras sorbifolia populations

为给文冠果良种选育和能源林建设提供参考,采用因子分析法和聚类分析法,对甘肃省文冠果人工种群进行了类型划分研究。结果表明:通过对文冠果花、枝、叶和果多性状的因子分析,可将文冠果表型性状主要归纳为7个主因子,分别为果型因子、叶型因子、种型因子、产量因子、枝型因子、果实品质因子和花型因子。通过果型因子聚类分析,将文冠果划分为特小果型、小果型、中果型、大果型和特大果型,其中的中、小果型为优良类型。根据产量因子聚类分析结果,将文冠果划分为高产型、中产型和低产型,其中高产型为优良类型。根据枝型因子将文冠果划分为朱红无毛型、褐红有毛型和中间型,其中朱红无毛型为优良类型。根据果实品质聚类分析结果,将文冠果划分为高出籽、出油型,中出籽、出油型和低出籽、出油型,其中的高出籽、出油型为优良类型。根据代表果实、产量、抗性和果实品质的4个主因子进行综合分层聚类分析,将文冠果划分为无毛小果型、偏有毛中果型、偏无毛大果型和有毛特大果型,其中无毛小果型是优良类型。综合分析结果表明,文冠果新梢和花轴无毛类型中的中、小果型为优良类型,其类型不但产量高,结实能力强,而且果实品质好,出籽率和出油率高,抗性强,是今后优良单株选择的重要类型。但无论那种果型,枝条无毛型是其综合选优的前提。

In order to provide some references for improved variety breeding and energy forest construction,usingmethods of factor analysis and cluster analysis,type division of artificial Xanthoceras sorbifolia populations wasresearched.The results showed that through factor analysis on main phenotypic characters of fruit,flower,branch andleaf,the phenotypic characters in X.sorbifolia could be mainly divided into seven main factors,and they were fruittype factor,leaf type factor,seed type factor,yield factor,branch type factor,fruit quality factor and flower type factor,respectively.Through fruit type factor clustering analysis,the X.sorbifolia populations were divided into5types of verysmall fruit,small fruit,medium fruit,large fruit and extra-large fruit,among which the middle and the small fruit types werefine.According to the results of clustering analysis of yield factor,the X.sorbifolia populations were divided into3types ofhigh yield,middle yield and low yield,among which the high yield type was fine.According to the branch factor,they weredivided into red&no-fuzzy type,brown red&fuzzy type and middle type,among which the red&no-fuzzy type was fine.According to the cluster analysis of fruit quality,they were divided into high seed&oil type,middle seed&oil type andlow seed&oil type,among which the high seed&oil type was fine.According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysiswith four main factors of fruit,yield,resistance and fruit quality,they were divided into glabrous shoot&small fruit type,partial fuzzy shoot&middle fruit type,partial glabrous shoot&big fruit type and fuzzy shoot&extra big fruit type,among which glabrous shoot&small fruit type was fine.According to the results of comprehensive analysis,the middleand small fruit types were fine in new glabrous shoot&rachis types,and they had high yield,strong bearing energy,goodfruit quality,high seed rate and oil rate,and strong resistance,which were the important types for selecting X.sorbifoliafine individuals in future.However,no matter what type the fruit was,the glabrous branch type was the precondition ofcomprehensive selection.