不同基肥配比对南方枣园土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of different base fertilizer ratios on soil physical and chemical properties in jujube orchard in southern China

为给我国南方紫色土地区鲜食枣的科学施肥、优质高产栽培提供技术支撑,以促进当地鲜食枣产业的发展,以湖南省衡阳市祁东县当地栽培品种‘中秋酥脆枣’为研究材料,分别以海藻素有机肥、温氏润田农家绿生物有机肥和菜粕生物有机肥为供试肥料,采用L9(34)正交试验方案和随机区组设计开展了田间试验,研究了3种有机肥的配施对南方鲜食枣园土壤理化性质的影响情况,并筛选得到了最适宜的基肥配方。结果显示:施肥能够显著降低南方枣园土壤的容重,提高土壤的孔隙度,并能有效地提高南方枣园不同深度土层土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和有效钾等养分的含量。与对照组相比,深为0～20 cm的土层其土壤容重降低了2.22%～16.48%,而其土壤孔隙度提高了1.53%～9.99%;深为20～40 cm的土层其土壤容重降低了3.36%～6.04%,而其土壤孔隙度提高了4.32%～7.77%。其中,F处理的效果最好,D和E处理的效果均次之。E、G和I处理的0～20与20～40 cm的土层其土壤有机质含量的增幅分别为95.94%、98.72%、119.57%和90.86%、113.58%、112.06%。土壤碱解氮、速效磷和有效钾含量增加幅度最大的处理分别为I、H和I。结果还表明,I处理的基肥配方(海藻素有机肥7.5 kg·株-1,农家绿有机肥7.5 kg·株-1,菜粕有机肥5.0 kg·株-1)为最适宜的基肥配方。

In order to provide some technical supports for scientific fertilization and high quality&high yield cultivationof fresh eating jujube in the purple soil areas in southern China,so as to promote development of local fresh eating jujubeindustry,the local cultivar‘Mid Autumn crisp jujube’in Qidong County,Hengyang City,was used as research materials,seaweed organic fertilizer,Wen’s Runtian Farm Green organic fertilizer and rapeseed cakebiological organic fertilizerwere used as tested fertilizers,and some field tests were carried out by the L9(34)orthogonal scheme and randomizedblock design.Effects of three kinds of organic fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties in jujube orchard insouthern China were studied,and the optimal base fertilizer formula was obtained.The results showed that fertilizationcould significantly reduce bulk density of soil,increase soil porosity,and effectively improve contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,rapidly available P and available K in soil layers at different depths in southern jujube orchard.Compared with the control group,the bulk density of soil was decreased by2.22%-16.48%and the soil porosity wasincreased by1.53%-9.99%in0-20cm soil layer,the bulk density of soil was decreased by3.36%-6.04%and the soilporosity was increased by4.32%-7.77%in20-40cm soil layer.Effect of treatment F was the best,followed by treatmentD and E.Treatment E,G and I increased the soil organic matter content in0-20cm and20-40cm soil layers by95.94%,98.72%,119.57%and90.86%,113.58%,112.06%,respectively.The best treatments increasing the contents of alkalihydrolyzableN,rapidly available P and available K in soil were treatment I,H and I,respectively.The results alsoshowed that the treatment I was the best fertilization formula,that was,seaweed organic fertilizer7.5kg per plant,FarmGreen organic fertilizer7.5kg per plant and rapeseed organic fertilizer5.0kg per plant.