不同类型畜禽粪便有机肥对辣椒产量及根际土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of different types of livestock manure on pepper yield and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soils

以灌漠土为试验材料,采用田间随机区组试验设计,研究了不同用量(0、15、30、45、60 t/hm2,FW)及不同类型畜禽粪便(鸡粪和猪粪)有机肥施用对辣椒(陇椒3号)产量的影响,以及不同生长发育时期根际脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的动态影响。结果表明,施用鸡粪和猪粪均能显著提高辣椒株高、根长、根系生物量、茎叶生物量、单果重、辣椒的产量,在施用量为30 t/hm2时辣椒产量达到最大。低量有机肥的施用就可以显著提高土壤酶活性。随着辣椒的生长发育,其根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐下降,而过氧化氢酶活性则先增加后下降。在辣椒的整个生长发育时期,施用猪粪相对鸡粪,对于土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶的活性提高作用更为明显,而对于过氧化氢酶活性则较弱。结合鸡粪和猪粪有机肥施用对辣椒产量和酶活性的总体情况,在灌漠土土壤类型条件下,种植陇椒3号时,施用30 t/hm2猪粪更能提高土壤酶活性,促进辣椒生长,提高辣椒产量。

The changes of the dynamic characteristics of“Long Jiao No.3”yield and rhizosphere soils enzyme activities in different growth stages under different amount(0,15,30,45,60t/hm2,FW)and types livestock manure(chicken manure and pig manure)application were studied to supply the theoretical basis to guide the reasonable fertilization in the vegetable fields,and correctly applied fertilization techniques to give full play to their fertilizer efficiency with the Randomized Complete Block Design in the field.The results showed that both the chicken manure and the pig manure significantly increased plant height,root length,root biomass,stem-leaf biomass,single fruit weight and yields of pepper(P<0.05),and the pepper yields were the highest at the30t/hm2aplication amount.Lower amount livestock manure significantly increased all enzyme activities(P<0.05),and they increased with the increased application rate.The soil urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased and the catalase activity firstly increased and then decreased with the pepper growth stages.Contrast to chicken manure,the pig manure increased the soil urease,invertase activities more obviously.In conclusion,the30t/hm2pig manure application can significantly increase soil enzyme activities,promote the pepper growth and improve the pepper yield under the soil type of Irrigation Desert Soil and the“Long Jiao No.3”plantation.