用于评价大小鼠学习记忆能力的迷宫实验方法比较

Comparison of experimental maze tests used to assess the learning and memory abilities in rats and mice

通过比较五种迷宫的实验方法、注意事项、评价指标、应用特点以及优缺点,为更好利用迷宫实验评价大小鼠学习记忆能力提供参考。检索中国知网和Pub Med,搜集Morris水迷宫、Y迷宫、八臂迷宫、T迷宫、Barnes迷宫实验的相关文献,比较它们的实验方法、注意事项、评价指标、应用特点以及优缺点。结果发现Morris水迷宫实验的评价指标多,结果更可靠; Y迷宫操作简便,但电Y迷宫对动物影响大;八臂迷宫无水和电刺激,操作简便; T迷宫无水和电刺激,依靠动物探索天性完成任务; Barnes迷宫以光和声音刺激动物完成任务,局限性大。评价大小鼠空间学习和记忆能力时五种迷宫均适合,但Morris水迷宫实验结果准确性更高。评价工作记忆能力时Morris水迷宫、Y迷宫、T迷宫、八臂迷宫均适合,但Y迷宫自主交替实验和T迷宫对动物应激小,结果更可靠。

To compare the experimental methods,precautions,evaluation indicators,application characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages of five mazes to provide a reference for better use of maze experiments to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rodents.We accessed the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and PubMed,collected the relevant documents of the Morris water maze,Y-maze,eight-arm radial maze,T-maze,and Barnes maze,and compared their experimental methods,precautions,evaluation indicators,application characteristics,and mechanisms related to learning and memory examination of each maze.The Morris water maze test has more evaluation indicators,and more reliable results.Operation of the Y-maze test is simple,but it more affects the tested animals.The eight-arm radial maze test avoids water and electrical stimulation,and its operation is simple.A T-maze test without water and electrical stimulation relies on the animal’s nature to complete the task.The Barnes maze test stimulates animals to complete their tasks with light and sound,and has many limitations.To evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats and mice,all the five mazes are suitable,and the results of the Morris water maze test are more accurate.All the Morris water maze,Y-maze,T-maze,and eight-arm radial maze tests are suitable to evaluate working memory capabilities,but the Y-maze(autonomous alternation experiment)and T-maze test are less stressful to animals,and the results may be more reliable.