福建北部夯土—木构架乡土民居建造技艺研究

Research on Construction Techniques of the Vernacular Dwellings in North Fujian

当前,我国的城市化发展迅速,吸纳了许多乡村人口,使得乡村常住人口急剧减少,乡土建筑的废弃问题非常普遍。而乡土建筑作为乡村社会文化的物质载体,有着重要作用与价值,其建造技艺亟待研究和记录。本文简单梳理了乡土建筑的有关概念,并简述了福建省政和县杨源乡的"美丽乡村"更新计划,详细研究、解析、总结该地民居的建造体系,突显了田野调查的考据实证价值及建筑人类学价值。并依据总结的建造体系对该村的一处已荒废地块进行了尝试性的更新设计以验证建造体系的适应性,从可持续发展的角度诠释了乡土建筑,展望了乡村的发展方向。

The rapid urbanization in China attracts a great number of populations from the rural area and causes the‘hollowed village’that the abandon of the vernacular architecture in rural area is common.As the carrier of the rural culture,vernacular architecture is significant with values so that research on the vernacular architecture is urgent.This paper introduced some basic concepts in vernacular architecture followed by the introduction of“Beautiful Village”projects in Yangyuan city,Zhenghe county,Fujian province.The author carefully researched,analyzed and revealed the traditional construction system.The value of anthropology was pointed out by the fieldwork.Based on the traditional construction system,an empty plot was chosen for a renovation design to test the adaptability of this construction system.Eventually,an explanation of vernacular architecture was given from the view of sustainability and expected the future of rural areas.