清末新疆回族的人口分布与地域经济差异——以新疆各地的乡土志为中心

The Hui People’s Distribution and Economic Difference in Different Regions in Xinjiang during the late Qing Dynasty——Focused on Chorographies of Xinjiang

清末新疆的回族人口在分布上呈现明显的特征:从地理分布来看,其分布极不均匀,以伊塔道所属的各厅、县居多,喀什噶尔道的回族最少;从性别比例来看,以男性回族人口为主;从回族迁徙地域来看,以关内回族移民为主;从移民特征来看,以政府主导性的回族垦荒移民为主。清末新疆各区域的回族在其经济特征上呈现明显差异:镇迪道、伊塔道的回族以耕种为主,阿克苏道、喀什噶尔道的回族以经商为主。与陕、甘等地的回族相比,清末新疆的回族人口在空间分布及经济特征上明显不同。

There were some obvious characteristics about the Hui people' s distribution in Xinjiang during the late Qing Dynasty. From the viewpoint of geographical distribution,the population distribution was extremely unbalanced. The majority of the poputotion concentrated in the Yita Dao( 伊塔道),and by contrast,the Kashgar Dao lived the least. From the point of sex ratio,it was mainly males.From the point of its source regions of migration,it was mainly the Hui people who came from inside the Jiayuguan. From the point of the migration characteristics,it was mainly the Hui people who were guided by government to reclaimation. There was obvious economic difference for the Hui people in different regions of Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty: The hui people in Zhendi and Yita were mainly farmers,however,the Hui people in Akzo and Kashgar were mainly businessmen.Compared to the Hui people in Shaanxi and Gansu,the Hui people of Xinjiang in late Qing Dynasty had a big difference in distribution and economic characteristics.