清前期边疆地区“汉奸”身份考

On the Identity of “Hanjian” in the Frontier during the Early Qing Dynasty

"汉奸"一词自清雍正朝起被大量使用,并成为官方语言,其中的"汉"也延续了明代指称"汉人"的含义。自乾隆朝起,随着"汉奸"一词使用范围的扩大和"民人"范围的扩展,"内地民人"逐渐成为官方认定"汉奸"的身份条件。作者通过对雍正、乾隆、嘉庆和道光四朝"汉奸"身份的考证,认为"汉奸"一词中的"汉"在清前期并非专指汉人,而是指包括了汉民、"熟苗"、"熟夷"以及回民等在内的编户民人。

The word "Hanjian"( "汉奸 ") was often used since the Yongzheng period and became official language. In this period,the word Han in "Hanjian" continued to refer to Han people as its meaning in the Ming Dynasty. Since the Qianlong period,with the extension of the use of the word"Hanjian"and another word"Minren"( 民人),being inland"Minren"became a premise to be identified as "Hanjian". By research of "Hanjian"indentity from Yongzheng to Daoguang period.The author considered that the word Han in "Hanjian"didn' t refer to Han people only,but also refered to registrated residents including Han,Miao,Yi,and Hui people in the early Qing Dynasty.