民国时期政教合一制下的西藏社会研究

Tibetan Society under the System of Integration of Religion and Politics during the Republic of China

近代以来,以清末西藏新政作为起点,西藏政教合一制度开始面临着严峻的挑战。经过十三世达赖喇嘛的改革、龙夏改革尝试等,西藏仍未摆脱政教合一、佛法笼罩整个社会的局面。宗教依然主导着西藏社会发展的基本方向和政治发展的基本态势,整个社会宗教氛围依然浓厚,民众沉溺其中而不自知。与此同时,近代化因素随着西藏与外界交流的增加而悄无声息地渗透进来,主张对西藏社会制度进行变革的萌芽已经产生,并开始挑战以寺院僧侣集团为核心的保守势力对于传统的固守。但由于西藏社会内部的发展惯性及惰性,最终充当打破西藏社会政教制度格局的关键因素并非来自于西藏社会内部,而是来自于中央政府。

As entering the modern time,starting from the Qing Dynasty ' s New Deal in Tibet,the Integration of religion and Politics in Tibet began to face severe challenges. After the reform of the13 th Dalai Lama and the Lung Zhar reform attempts,Tibet region had not got rid of the situation of the Integration of Religion and Politics and Buddhism Dharma covering the whole society. Religion still dominated the basic direction of social development and the basic trend of political development in Tibet. The religious atmosphere was still strong in the whole society,and people indulged in the religion. At the same time,with the increasing exchanges between Tibet region and the outside world,the factors of modernization had quietly infiltrated into the society,the germination of advocating social system reform had emerged,and began to challenge the conservative forces of the monastery and monk groups as the core to stick to the tradition. However, due to inertia of development within the society of Tibet region society,the key factor that ultimately broke the pattern of political and religious system in Tibetan society didn' t come from Tibetan society,but from the central government.