产业政策、地区竞争与资源空间配置扭曲

Industrial Policy, Regional Competition and Distortion of Resources Spatial Allocation

本文通过整理中央和省级政府"十一五"、"十二五"两个五年规划提及的重点产业,使用2007—2014年工业土地出让微观数据,检验了重点产业政策对土地资源空间配置的影响。结果发现:(1)重点产业政策容易引发资源空间配置扭曲。在空间分布上,重点产业政策导致相关产业的地理熵指数增加21%。(2)地区间竞争是导致重点产业政策引发资源空间配置扭曲的重要原因。地区竞争越激烈,地方保护主义越强,空间扭曲越严重,且重点产业政策引发的资源空间配置扭曲存在显著的政治周期性。(3)资源空间配置扭曲是导致产能过剩的一个重要原因,但提高市场化程度、扩大对外开放水平有利于减弱政府竞争的影响,进而减弱重点产业政策对资源空间配置的扭曲。这些结果说明,在中国特定的体制下,在实行某种产业政策的时候,需要考虑地方政府间竞争对产业政策实施效果的影响。

By collecting the key industries mentioned in the five-year plans of the central government and the provincial governments during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", and using the micro data of industrial land transfer from 2007 to 2014, this paper examined the impact of key industrial policies on spatial configuration of land resources. We find that:(1)The key industrial policies can lead to distortions in the spatial configuration of resources easily. In terms of spatial layout, the key industrial policies lead to a 21%increase in the geographical entropy index of related industries.(2)Regional competition is an important reason for the spatial dispersion of resource allocation caused by the key industrial policies. The stronger the degree of regional competition, the greater the local protectionism, the more severe spatial distortions, and the distorted spatial allocation of resources caused by the key industrial policies.(3) Although the spatial distortion of the resources caused by regional competition is an important cause of excess capacity, improving the degree of marketization and expanding the level of opening up to the outside world will help reduce the impact of government competition, thereby weakening the distorted spatial allocation of resource by key industrial policies. These results show that in China’s specific political and economic systems, it is necessary to consider the impact of local governments competition on the implementation of industrial policies.