云南五种野生苹果属植物果实种子形态研究

Study on Fruit and Seed Morphology of Five Wild Malus Species in Yunnan

为充分开发利用野生苹果资源,对云南5种野生苹果属植物垂丝海棠、三叶海棠、山定子、湖北海棠和丽江山定子的果实种子形态特征进行了观测研究。结果表明:5种果实形态都为近圆形和扁圆形;果实底色大多为橙黄或淡黄色,果皮颜色为浓红、橙红、鲜红、红、紫红和淡红色,部分着色或全部着色;果肉的颜色为淡黄、黄绿或橙黄色,果肉质地除三叶海棠较硬脆,其它4种都较松脆。单果含种子1～7粒,种子形状大小无差异,种子形状椭圆形,千粒重0.63～0.91g,单果重仅0.80～0.91g;湖北海棠果柄极短,其余4种的果柄均在2cm以上。三叶海棠果实的纵横径和果形指数均较大,横径和果形指数极显著或显著高于除湖北海棠以外的其它3个种;果实纵径极显著大于其它4种。

In order to make full use of wild apple resources,the fruit morphological characteristics of five species of wild Malus plants in Yunnan,included M.halliana Koehne,M.sieboldii(Regal)Rehd,M.baccata(Linn.)Borkh,M.hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd and M.rockii Rehd were observed in this study.The results showed that the shape of the five fruits were nearly round and flat round,the background color of the fruit was mostly orange or light yellow,and the peel color was thick red,orange red,bright red,red,purple,and reddish,some of which were colored or all were colored.The flesh's color was light yellow,yellowish green or orange yellow,and the flesh texture was hard and brittle except for the three-leafed jellyfish,and the other four kinds are crispy.Single fruit containing seeds was1-7,no difference in the size of the seed shape,oval shape of the seed,a thousand grain weight was0.63-0.91g.Five species of wild Malus species in Yunnan Province had small fruits with a single fruit weight of only0.80-0.91g.The fruit stalks of M.hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd were extremely short,and the stalks of the other four species were all above2cm.The vertical and horizontal diameters and fruit shape index of the M.sieboldii(Regal)Rehd fruit were all larger,and the transverse diameter and fruit shape index were significantly or significantly higher than other three species except for the M.hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd,and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit was significantly greater than that of the other four species.