美国国家安全委员会决策体制研究

A Study on the U.S. Decision-Making System in the U.S. Security Council

国家安全委员会是美国对外决策的核心机构。随着美国成为超级大国,国家安全委员会逐渐成为美国对外决策过程中的一个法定机构。总统在国家安全委员会中居于核心角色,也是对外政策的最后决策者。同时,国家安全委员会最大限度地整合了政治、经济、军事,以及外交力量,同时避免了各行政部门由于片面追求部门利益而造成的相互倾轧,保证了总统对外决策进程的控制。然而,在实际政策操作上,这种正式的决策程序需要与大量非正式决策程序及个人关系的交互作用,从而最终形成以总统为核心的决策体系。

The National Security Council is the key institution for U.S. decisionmaking process on foreign policies. As the United States became a superpower,the National Security Council gradually became a statutory body of the U.S. foreign decision-making process. The president plays a central role in the National Security Council and is the final decision-maker on foreign policies. At the same time,the National Security Council has been maximized with political,economic,military,and diplomatic resources while trying to avoid conflicts among departments due to various departmental interests in order to ensure the president ' s control over the whole process.However,in reality,this formal decision-making process still needs to be associated with a large number of informal decision-making procedures as well as personal relationships. It has ultimately formed a three-tiered decision-making system with the president at the core.