中国性别角色观念代际传递分析

Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes toward Gender Role in China

性别角色观念的代际传递是传统性别文化和劳动力市场性别差异持续存在的重要机制。文章利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,探究性别角色观念的代际关联及其传递机制。亲子匹配数据的回归结果表明,父母双方的性别角色观念均与子代尤其是年轻子女的性别角色观念高度正相关,父母的垂直传递对儿子和女儿的性别角色观念具有同等重要的影响。同时,来自其他人的横向传播对子代性别角色观念的形成也具有独立作用。这些结果对性别角色观念的不同综合测量指数和指标保持稳健。此外,受教育程度的提高可以促进平等性别角色观念的形成,阻滞传统观念的代际传递。因此,提升受教育程度、营造良好的家庭与社会文化环境是构建男女平等价值观和促进性别平等的重要途径。

Intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward gender role plays an important role in maintaining tradition al gender culture and gender differences in the labor market.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2014,this paper explores the intergenerational correlation and transmission mechanism of gender role attitudes.Regression results of mother-child pairs show that parental ideology are crucial in forming the offspring’s gender role attitudes,especially for younger children.The parental impacts are equally important for sons and daughters in their vertical socialization.Meanwhile,horizontal socialization also has an independent effect in shaping one’s gender role attitudes.These findings remain robust for different indices/indicators of gender role attitudes.In addition,increasing education can promote egalitarian attitudes formation and block the intergenerational transmission of traditional gender role attitudes.Therefore,it is important to improve education and create a modern family and social cultural environment in order to construct equalitarianism and promote gender equality.