荒政与民心——1946年国统区的节食救灾运动评析

Famine Policy and Popular Support——The analysis of the 1946 movement of "Save Food for Disaster Relief" in KMT Ruling Area

1946年上半年,国统区遭受了一系列的自然灾害。为了应对这些灾害,同年5月,国民政府在宣传节约思想的同时以"节食一日"为口号,开展了一场为期三个月的节食救灾运动。这场运动通过组织、实施和总结,利用报刊、影像等媒介向广大民众宣传该运动的相关事宜。为了使其更具有针对性与成效性,国民政府在募捐和分配捐款额的方式上,采用多种募捐方式和灵活的分配方法相结合的形式。但是带有浓重泛道德化色彩的救荒措施无法真正建构起系统的、建设性的、发展性的近代救荒体系。因荒灾而集民力,顺民心的救荒政策,看似是在动员全社会民众,实则是将国家在荒政应对中的主体责任散卸于民,从而使国民政府在处理"国家与社会"关系中误入歧途。

In the first half of 1946,the Kuomintang controlled areas experienced a set of natural disasters.To counter the loss brought by these disasters,the nationalist government conducted a disaster relief movement spanning 3 months with the slogan of"Diet for a day".The KMT government propagandized the related arrangements to the public by newspapers and videos.In terms of the ways to collect and distribute donations,the nationalist government took a flexible method to promote pertinence and effectiveness.However,these pan-moralization measures can not constitute the systematic,constructive and developmental modern disaster relief system.The disaster relief policies centered on concentration of people s resource and compliance with people s want,seemed to mobilize the public,but to shift the responsibility of disaster relief from the government to public actually.In return,the KMT government went a wrong way in dealing with the relationship between state and society.