Seismites、地震岩、震积岩和软沉积物变形构造等术语问题的讨论

Discussions on Seismites,“dizhenyan”( 地震岩),“zhenjiyan”( 震积岩),Soft-sediment Deformation Structures,etc.

文章主要内容为:(1)同意山穆玕(Shanmugam)的观点,即赛拉赫提出的seismites这一术语有问题。它不是具软沉积物变形构造的岩层,也没有地震成因的证据,因此应当否定。(2)不同意龚一鸣把赛拉赫提出的seismites译为"震积岩",应把它译为"地震岩"。(3)软沉积物变形构造是多成因的。由地震引起的具软沉积物变形构造的岩层可称作"地震岩",不是由地震引起的具软沉积物变形构造的岩层不能称作"地震岩"。(4)即使在地震高发地区,也不是所有的软沉积物变形构造都是由地震引起的。(5)在印度北部的一个地震高发地区的河谷中,在2013年的洪水沉积物形成后即刻观察到的软沉积物变形构造,是一个无可争辩的非地震成因的实例。因为2013年至今该地区没有发生过地震。这一实例应引起重视和深思。

This paper mainly includes:(1)Agreeing with the viewpoint of Shanmugam(2016),i.e.,the term“seismites”proposed by Seilacher(1969)is problematic.It is not the beds with soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS)and it is without evidence of earthquake,therefore it should be negated.(2)Disagreeing with the viewpoint of Gong Yiming(1987,1988),i.e.,the term“seismite”should not be translated into“zhenjiyan”(震积岩),but it should be translated into“dizhenyan”(地震岩).(3)SSDS are of multiple origins.The beds with SSDS induced by earthquake can be named“seismites”while the beds with SSDS not induced by earthquake cannot be named“seismites”.(4)In a seismically active area,it is not sure that all SSDS are induced by earthquake.(5)In a river valley of the Garhwal Himalaya,northern India,a seismically active area,the SSDS occurred immediately in 2013 flood sediments is an irrefutable case study which is not induced by earthquake,because from 2013 till today earthquake never occurred in this area.This case study should be paid attention to and thought deeply.