基于生态保护优先的青藏高原矿产资源勘查开发的对策

Countermeasures and suggestions concerning mineral resources exploitation based on the ecological conservation priority in the Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原矿产资源开发在地区经济社会发展中具有支柱性地位,是中国重要的矿产资源后备开发及战略基地,但同时又是中国重要的生态环境屏障,资源开发与生态环境保护成为重大的资源环境问题。通过矿山地质环境调查发现,由于以往环境保护意识不足等多种因素的综合影响,矿产资源勘查开发对高原植被生态影响严重,高山草甸植被保护与修复成为青藏高原矿山最主要、最突出的环境问题。基于寒冷、缺氧、少土、交通不便等制约性自然因素,提出了源头优先保护生态的矿产资源勘查开发的对策建议:提高青藏高原矿山准入条件、构建基于源头生态保护的机制、制定开发利用规划、基于矿山地质环境承载力评价的矿山布局、建立勘查及合理开发的矿产资源储备基地、建立矿山生态环境长期监测网、推广高原植被生态修复技术体系等,为政府科学决策矿产资源绿色勘查开发提供地质依据。

The Tibetan Plateau is an important ecological environment barrier in China.Protecting a fragile and important eco-environment is a major environmental issue that must be considered first in the development of mineral resources.The exploitation of mineral resources in the Tibetan Plateau has an important pillar position in regional economic and social development,and is also an important reserve and strategic base for the development of mineral resources in China.Based on the survey of mine geo-environment,the authors hold that,due to the comprehensive influence of various factors such as insufficient awareness of environmental protection in the past,the impact of exploration and development of mineral resources on the vegetation ecology of the plateau is generally serious,and hence the protection and restoration of alpine meadow vegetation become the most important and most conspicuous environmental problem in the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the restrictive factors such as coldness,hypoxia,little soil and inconvenient traffic,this paper puts forward the countermeasures for the exploration and development of mineral resources that have the priority in protecting the vegetation ecology of the source:improve the permit conditions for mining in the Tibetan Plateau,build a mechanism based on the ecological protection of the source,formulate the development and utilization planning,mining layout based on assessment of mining geo-environmental carrying capacity,establish a base for mineral resources reserves that can be explored and reasonably developed,establish a long-term monitoring network for mine eco-environment and promote the ecological restoration technology system of plateau vegetation.The purpose is to provide a geological basis for the government to make scientific decisions in the exploration and development of green mineral resources.