凝视与超越——门罗小说《脸》中的胎记及其存在主义解读

Stare and Transcend——The Birthmark and Its Existentialism in Monroe's Novel Face

加拿大短篇小说女王艾丽丝·门罗擅长描绘普通人的日常生活,透视人的生存处境,以及主人公在面对生存困境时的自由选择,具有深刻的存在主义思想。她的短篇小说《脸》描述了因为出生时脸上就带着一块紫色胎记的主人公在他人"凝视"下的存在危机,探索了自我与他人之间的关系,但小说也强调了自由选择的重要性。本文结合凝视机制和萨特的存在主义理论,试图分析主人公是如何因为凝视机制而失去自我,成为孤独的主体,又是如何通过自由选择,勇敢面对生存困境,实现自我的超越。

Alice Monroe,a Canadian short story writer,is good at depicting the daily life of ordinary people,the living conditions of human beings,and the free choice of the protagonist when they are facing survival difficulties,with profound existentialism.Her short story Face describes the existence of a relationship between the self and others because of the crisis of the stare with a purple birthmark on protagonist's face,but the novel also emphasizes the importance of free choice.Combining the stare mechanism and Sartre's existentialism theory,this paper attempts to analyze how the protagonist loses himself because of the gaze mechanism,it becomes the subject of loneliness,and how to face the predicament of survival with enough courage,and realize self-transcendence through free choice.