喧哗与骚动背后的危机与拯救——精神生态视域下《了不起的盖茨比》之解析

The Crisis and Rescue Behind the Sound and Fury

《了不起的盖茨比》是美国现代作家司各特·菲茨杰拉德的杰作。《了不起的盖茨比》生动地描述了美国20世纪20年代在"金钱至上"观念下追求发财梦与爱情梦的年轻人盖茨比道德感丧失、理想幻灭、惨遭不幸的悲剧故事,作品充分体现了菲茨杰拉德小说的一贯主题:良知的泯灭、金钱的腐蚀作用、上流社会的堕落生活,个人精神的扭曲及人际关系的冷漠,反映了美国社会转型期普遍存在的精神生态危机问题。依据精神生态批评理论分析文本体现出的人与自然生态关系失衡,人与社会生态失衡及个人精神生态失衡现象有助于深刻理解菲茨杰拉德对社会转型期出现的意识形态领域问题的思考及他对消费主义文化价值观所持的批判态度,对解决我国当今社会转型期存在的诸多精神生态危机问题具有指导意义。

The Great Gatsby is the masterpiece of American modern writer Scott Fitzgerald.The Great Gatsby vividly describes the hero of the novel,Gatsby’s moral deficiency,disillusionment and his tragedy influence by the money-oriented society.The novel embodies Fitzgerald’s consistent theme of his works:the loss of conscience,the corrosion of money,the moral deterioration,personal spiritual distortion and interpersonal indifference,which reflects the widespread ecological crisis of humanistic spirit in the period of social transition of the United States.The Great Gatsby reflects ecological imbalance at three layers,they are natural ecological imbalance between human and nature;social ecological imbalance between human and society and spiritual ecological imbalance between a person and himself.Analyzing various phenomena of spiritual ecological imbalance reflected from the text helps us understand Fitzgerald’s critical thinking about ideological problems in the period of social transition,and his criticism toward consumerism culture.The study on the crisis of spiritual ecology is aimed at gaining useful enlightenment to solve the similar problems in China’s social transformation period.