有罪或无罪的法律拟制

Legal Fiction of Innocence or Guilt

法律拟制是指为衡平秩序与自由而把事实A和事实B的法律后果等同的法律规定。所谓法律上的绝对推定实为法律拟制。法律拟制的法律效力是否受反证考验,不能一概而论。无罪的法律拟制要求在判决疑难案件时,若控方未依法举出足够证据证明被告有罪,须毫无例外地在法律上把被告视同无罪并宣告其无罪。无罪的法律拟制只对少数疑难案件判决时起作用。无罪的法律拟制是由无罪假定原则派生的。滥用"无罪推定"概念,困扰刑诉,不利于依法保障被害人和被追诉人的人权。

Legal fiction is a legal provision to balance freedom and order,equating lawful consequence of fact A and fact B.Essentially,what is called absolute legal presumption is a legal fiction.Whether the legal effect of legal fiction is tested by the evidence can not be generalized.Legal fiction of innocence demands pronouncing a judgement of innocence without exception if proofs of guilt are not enough.Coming from principle of presumption of innocence,legal fiction of innocence is only suitable to those very difficult cases at trail.The abuse of the concept of“presumption of innocence”disturbs criminal prosecution,which is not conducive to protecting the human rights of the victims and the accused.