传统营造语境下黎川乡土建筑营造技艺特色探析——兼议“赣系临川派”的乡土区划

Characteristics of Lichuan Vernacular Architecture Construction Techniques in the Context of Traditional Construction and the Distribution of Linchuan-Style Vernacular Architecture under the Gan System

文章以近百栋遗存的明清建筑的实测数据和大量匠师访谈口述资料为依据,从地盘格局、扇架类型、屋水权衡、营造尺法等四个方面,系统分析了江西黎川乡土建筑的营造技艺特色,探讨了"插梁式"构架的可能来源,尝试厘定当地乡尺的绝对尺度,阐述了乡土营造尺法的多样性和复杂性,并籍此对"赣系临川派"乡土建筑的区划进行了分析。

Using data for nearly 100 buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties in addition to a large amount of oral data from interviews with craftsmen,four aspects of the characteristics of construction techniques for Lichuan rural buildings were characterised systematically:i.e.,dipan(firstfloor plan),shanjia(timber structure),wushui(bending degrees of roofs)and the yingzaochi modulus.Furthermore,the possible origin of chaliang construction(a mixed chuandou and tailiang frame)in this region is discussed along with the absolute modulus of local rulers.Finally,the diversity and complexity of the local yingzaochi modulus was explored to identify Linchuan-style vernacular architecture in the Gan region.