作为后工业时代城市复兴动力的工业遗产——美国费城海军船厂的保护与再生

Industrial Heritage as the Motivator of City Revitalisation in the Post-industrial Era:Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Philadelphia Navy Yard

伴随着后工业时代的来临,工业遗产的保护与利用受到了越来越多的关注。美国费城海军船厂是美国最早的海军船厂之一,也是美国海军的发源地。自1868年设立至1996年停止运营,费城海军船厂见证了南北战争、两次世界大战、冷战等重大历史事件,也成为费城工业历史和社会生活的重要载体。2003年开始,费城船厂正式启动保护与再生,在十几年间,这片占地1200英亩(约485.6ha)的工业区域成功转型为集遗产保护、混合功能开发、绿色可持续建筑、新型能源系统的实验场,成为费城在后工业时代转型的动力源。文章从美国费城海军船厂的历史和特征入手,讨论了其对费城、宾夕法尼亚州乃至美国独特的价值和意义。通过对其保护和再生方法的研究,论述了遗产保护作为城市复兴手段的重要性,及遗产保护与环境保护、社会公正密切相关的未来趋势。

The Philadelphia Navy Yard was one of the earliest naval shipyards in the United States and the birthplace of the US Navy.Between its establishment in 1868 and the ceasing of operations in 1996,the Navy Yard witnessed the Civil War,two World Wars,the Cold War and other major historical events,becoming simultaneously an important carrier of Philadelphia’s industrial history and social life.The beginning of 2003 saw the launch of the campaign to preserve and rehabilitate the Navy Yard,and in the past 15 years,this 1 200-acre industrial area has been successfully transformed into an experimental site for heritage preservation,mixed-function development,green sustainable construction and new energy systems,becoming a major motivator in the revitalisation of the city in the post-industrial era.This paper begins with the history and characteristics of the Philadelphia Navy Yard and discusses its unique value and importance to the city and the state.A study of its conservation and regeneration methods is used to examine the significance of heritage preservation as an important means of urban renewal and the increasingly profound engagement of heritage preservation with environmental protection and social justice.