社会研究过程中伦理争议与研究困局

Ethical Disputes and Dilemma in the Process of Social Science Research

从总体来看,社会研究从包罗万象的社会现象实际出发,不论是调查研究、实验研究还是实地研究、文献研究,其自身都应具有社会性、经验性、科学性等显著特征。然而,人作为社会研究过程中一个重要研究对象却是独立而多变的个体,因此,所有围绕人而展开的研究都应该遵循"自愿参与""对参与者无害""匿名与保密"等原则,但是纵观整个社会研究发展历程,这一问题却始终没有得到有效解决,尤其是西方国家在20世纪所出现的研究丑闻,将研究过程中伦理问题一度推向舆论的风口浪尖。从社会研究过程中伦理困局入手,通过对比典型争议案例研究如何规避伦理问题,从而破除此困局所带来的研究障碍。

As a whole,social research should have its own social,empirical and scientific characteristics,regardless of investigation,experimental research,field research,literature research and so on.However,as an important research object in the process of social research,human beings are independent and changeable individuals.Therefore,all researches about human beings should follow“voluntary participation”and“no harm to participants”.“anonymity and confidentiality”and other principles,but throughout the history of social research,this problem has never been effectively resolved,especially in the twentieth world in Western countries.The research scandal in the1900s pushed the ethical issues in the research process to the forefront of public opinion.Starting with the ethical dilemma in the process of social research,this paper compares the typical controversial case studies on how to avoid the ethical problems,thus breaking down the research obstacles brought about by this dilemma.