“举证责任减轻”理论之研析与制度构建

Research and Institution Construction on the Theory of “Mitigation of the Burden of Proof”

为克服举证责任分配一般原则可能忽视个案正义这一盲点,举证责任减轻理论应运而生。我国大陆地区对以"规范说"为原型的举证责任分配原则研究成果显著,但对"举证责任减轻"却鲜有关注,立法体系单一,司法实践中做法不一,相关制度框架尚未形成。可以通过研析举证责任减轻理论,借鉴实践中的法技术和个案中"实质性考量"思路,在现行法律要件分类说下构建举证责任减轻制度,确立三步检索法,形成多元化减轻机制,从而达到法律安定性与实质正义的平衡。

In order to overcome the shortcoming of general principle of distribution of burden of proof that case justice neglecting,Mitigation of the burden of proof comes into being.The research results on general principle of distribution of burden of proof which based on“norm theory”in China's Mainland are remarkable,but“mitigation of the burden of proof”is paid few attention,legislative system is single,application in judicial practice differs,the relevant institutional framework has not yet been formed.Through the analysis of the theory of“mitigation of the burden of proof”,Learn from the law technology in Practice and the idea of"Substantial Consideration"in Individual Cases,we propose to construct the mitigation of the burden of proof system in our country under classification of elements to law,to establish three step retrieval method,to form a diversified mitigation mechanism,so as to achieve the balance of legal stability and substantive justice.