分子标记技术在绵羊育种中的应用现状分析

Application Status Analysis of Molecular Marker in Sheep Breeding

分子标记是以个体间核苷酸序列变异为基础的遗传标记,是DNA水平上的遗传多样性的直接反应。分子标记技术是在DNA水平上进行多态性分析的一种技术手段,具有效率高、准确度高的特点,在绵羊育种中有着广泛的应用。分子标记技术不仅可以对绵羊的基因进行定位,而且可以对绵羊群的遗传结构进行分析,重要的是可以进行绵羊的标记辅助育种,对绵羊的育种起重要作用。作者介绍了以Southern杂交、PCR扩增、重复序列和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)为基础的分子标记技术的基本原理及优缺点,重点介绍了这些分子标记技术在绵羊的体尺、屠宰、繁殖等性状中进行标记辅助选择时的应用,揭示了在实际生产中分子标记技术对于绵羊选种与选配、提高其经济价值的重要意义,并基于目前分子标记技术在绵羊育种中的运用,以及未来分子标记技术的应用作出展望。

Molecular markers are genetic markers based on nucleotide sequence variation in individuals,and they are direct responses to genetic diversity at the DNA level.Molecular marker technology is an efficient and accurate technical method for polymorphism analysis at the DNA level,it has been widely used in sheep breeding.Molecular marker technology can not only locate gene in sheep,but also analyze the genetic structure of sheep population.Additionally,molecular marker technology plays an important role in sheep breeding through marker-assisted breeding.This article briefly introduced the basic principles,advantages and disadvantages of molecular marker technology based on Southern hybridization,PCR,simple sequence repeat(SSR),and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP).The application of these molecular markers in marker-assisted selection(MAS)among sheep’s traits such as body size,slaughter,and reproduction reveals the importance of molecular marker technology for the selection and assortative mating of sheep and improving its economic value in actual production.Finally,the future application of molecular marker technology is prospected based on the application of molecular marker technology in sheep breeding.