球虫消毒剂的筛选及氨水对艾美耳球虫卵囊抑杀条件的优化

Screening of Disinfectants Against Coccidian and Optimization of Inhibitory Conditions of Ammonia Hydroxide Against Oocysts of Eimeria tenella

为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液(250mg/L妥曲珠利溶液)混合作用2h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量(oocysts per gram of feces,OPG)、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5%NaOH+10%NaCl和5%NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%～8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。

To screen some effective disinfectants against coccidian,oocysts of Eimeria tenella had been suspended and maintained in diluted 16 common disinfectants and 1 anti-coccidial drug(250 mg/L toltrazuril)for 2 or 4 h,and then sporulated in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution at 28℃ or inoculated into coccidian-free chickens at 14 days of age.Disinfection efficacy of these disinfectants against both unsporulated and sporulated oocysts were evaluated through oocyst sporulation rates,inhibitory rates of sporulation,OPG values,cecal lesion score and blood stool level in this study.The results of inhibitory efficacy tests of disinfectants and anti-coccidial drugs against both unsporulated and sporulated oocysts showed that 8% ammonia hydroxide could100%inhibit the unsporulated and sporulated oocysts.250 mg/L toltrazuril,3% formaldehyde,4%phenol,0.5%peroxyacetic acid,5% NaOH and 5% NaOH+10% NaCl solutions showed par-tial inhibitory activities.Although inhibitory rates of sporulation of these six disinfectants were more than 10%,the inhibitory efficacy of them against sporulated oocysts were not significant.However,the remaining 10 disinfectants didn’t have significant inhibitory activities against oocysts.The optimization results of inhibitory conditions of ammonia hydroxide showed that 1%to 8%ammonia hydroxide mixed with unsporulated oocysts for more than 1 hwere able to 100%inhibit the activities of oocysts.In addition,the anti-coccidial efficacy of 2%and 4%ammonia hydroxide could not be interfered by animal feces.In conclusion,almost all common disinfectants and anti-coccidial drugs fail to effectively inhibit the activities of coccidian oocysts,while ammonia hydroxide was a highly effective disinfectant.These findings would provide important references for development of novel effective coccidian disinfectants and control of coccidiosis in livestock.