青海省兴海地区的降水分布格局及变化特征分析

Analysis of Rainfall Distribution Pattern and Variation Characteristics in Xinghai Area Qinghai Province

降水作为高海拔气候敏感因子之一,其对植被生态分布格局和功能具有重要作用。因此,利用兴海地区1961～2015年实时降水观测资料,采用最小二乘法对该区降水量、降水日数和降水强度的年代际变化特征进行了分析探讨。结果表明,小雨降水日数呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0. 8d/10a,中雨和大到暴雨的降水日数呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0. 19d/10a和0. 17d/10a,小雨和大到暴雨的降水强度呈增加趋势,而中雨降水强度呈下降趋势。另外,冬半年降水量呈增加趋势,气候倾向率为1. 1mm/10a;冬半年降水日数均呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-0. 3d/10a,冬半年降水量和降水日数均未通过显著性检验。由此可见,兴海地区年降水量和降水日数变化并不明显。

As one of the sensitive climatic factors of high altitude zone,precipitation plays an important role in the distribution pattern and function of vegetation.Therefore,real-time rainfall observation data of Xinghai from 1961 to 2015 was adopted in this article,and the decadal variation characteristics of precipitation,precipitation days and precipitation intensity were analyzed by using the least square method.The results showed that the light rain precipitation days presented a declining trend,climatic tendency rate was-0.8d/10a,moderate rain,heavy to storm rainfall days presented an increasing trend,climatic tendency rate were 0.19d/10a and 0.17d/10a.Light rain and the heavy to the storm rainfall intensity increased,but the intensity of moderate rain precipitation showed a downward trend.In addition,the annual precipitation in winter was increasing,and the climate trend rate was 1.Imm/10a.The annual precipitation days in winter were decreasing,and the climate trend rate was-0-3d/10a,and the annual precipitation and precipitation days in winter had not passed the significant test,indicating that the change of annual precipitation and precipitation day in Xinghai area is not obvious.