小胶质细胞在神经血管单元中的作用及其在缺血损伤中相关反应的研究进展

Role of Microglia in Neurovascular Units and Their Responses in Ischemic Injury

小胶质细胞是脑内的固有免疫细胞,在脑内发挥识别清除废物,诱导炎症及维持脑内微环境稳态等功能,其与神经元、星形胶质细胞及血管内皮细胞等构成的神经血管单元是中枢神经系统疾病特别是脑缺血损伤治疗的靶点。缺血后发生的极化、自噬及焦亡等都与神经血管单元中炎症的发生有一定联系。因此,深入了解小胶质细胞在生理病理条件下在神经血管单元中的作用及其在缺血损伤中发生的生物学过程,对脑缺血损伤及其他神经系统疾病的治疗有着重要意义。

Microglia is an innate immune cell in the brain that functions to recognize and remove waste,induce inflammation,and maintain the homeostasis of the microenvironment in the brain.It is a part of the neurovascular unit composed of neurons,astrocytes,and vascular endothelial cells.Neurovascular unit is an intervention target for the treatment of central nervous system diseases,especially cerebral ischemic injury.There is a connection between the occurrence of inflammation and polarization,autophagy and pyroptosis after ischemia.Therefore,an in-depth understanding of the role of microglia in neurovascular units under physiological and pathological conditions and its biological processes in ischemic injury is of great significance for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury and other neurological diseases.