典型水源保护地农业面源污染现状分析及防治对策--以邵东县简家陇镇蒸源村为例

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Status and Control Measures in Typical Water Resource Conservation Areas——Taking Zhengyuan Village of Jianjialong Town in Shaodong County as an Example

为了推进美丽乡村建设和实现乡村振兴战略目标,解决南方典型水源保护地——蒸水河水源地农业面源污染问题,以蒸水河发源地邵东县简家陇镇蒸源村为研究对象,调查分析了研究区畜禽养殖、村域地表径流、农田面源等主要污染物排放现状。结果表明:畜禽养殖排放的TN、TP和COD的排放总量分别为11.349、2.172和143.703 t/a,为区域主要农业面源污染源。提出了结合"一控两减三基本"的目标,遵循"源端控制-过程拦截-末端治理"的思路,建议通过推广清洁减排的农业生产技术措施,建设农村废弃物处理和利用设施,构建面源污染拦截体系,优化农民居住环境,打造农民自我服务、自我发展的长效机制,防控村域范围内生产生活农业面源污染问题,促进区域范围内生态环境改善,推动资源节约型、环境友好型、生态保育型可持续农业发展。

In order to solve the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in typical southern water resource conservation areas and advance the strategic goal of building beautiful countryside and rural areas,pollutants emissions from livestock and poultry breeding,farming and rural life in the headstream of Zhengshui River(Zhenyuan Village,Jianjialong Town,Shaodong County)were investigated and analyzed.The results indicated that livestock and poultry breeding was the major source of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region and discharged in total of 11.349,2.172 and 143.703 tons/year of TN,TP and COD,respectively.According to the theory of"source control-process interception-end governance",a series of strategies,including promotion of clean and environment-friendly agricultural production technology,construction of rural waste treatment and utilization facilities,building agricultural non-point source pollution interception systems,optimizing living environment of villagers and facilitating their long-term mechanisms of self-service and self-development,were proposed to control and alleviate the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in rural areas,improve local ecological environment and promote resource-saving,environment-friendly and ecological conservation-oriented sustainable agricultural development.