滑片型孔轮式水稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验

Design and experiment of slider-hole-wheel precision hill-direct-seeding metering device for rice

为提高水稻机械式精量穴直播排种器的排种精度,根据杂交稻精量穴直播的农艺要求,设计一种滑片型孔轮式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器,阐述其基本结构和工作原理,并对排种轮、滑片和凸块等关键零部件进行设计与分析。选取3种尺寸的杂交稻品种(国丰一号、冈优898和冈优3551)种子作为试验材料,以穴粒数合格率、重播率、漏播率作为排种性能评价指标,在不同排种轴工作转速下,利用JPS-12型排种器检测试验台进行台架试验。当排种轴转速为30 r·min^(-1)时:中型尺寸水稻种子(冈优898)排种性能最优,合格率83.24%,重播率10.48%,漏播率6.28%;大型尺寸水稻种子(国丰一号)排种性能次之,合格率81.84%,重播率10.27%,漏播率7.89%;小型尺寸水稻种子(冈优3551)排种性能较差,合格率80.14%,重播率15.16%,漏播率4.70%。台架试验显示,滑片型孔轮式排种器对不同尺寸的水稻种子具有较好的适应性,排种性能指标满足杂交稻穴直播的农艺要求。

In order to improve the accuracy of mechanical seeding device,a slider-hole-wheel hybrid rice precision seeding device was designed according to the agronomic requirements,and its basic structure and working principle were described.The primary parts,such as seeding wheel,guard slider,and flange,were designed and analyzed.Three hybrid rice varieties with varied seed sizes,i.e.Guofeng No.1,Gangyou898 and Gangyou3551,were selected as the experimental materials.The qualified rate,the replay rate and the missing rate were taken as the evaluation indexes of seeding performance.It was shown that when the rotation speed of seeding axis was 30 r·min-1,the seed metering performance of medium-sized seed(Gangyou898)was the best,as the qualified rate was 83.24%,the replay rate was 10.48%,and the missing rate was 6.28%;the seed metering performance of large-sized seed(Guofeng No.1)was the second,as the qualified rate was 81.84%,the replay rate was 10.27%,and the missing rate was 7.89%;the seed metering performance of small-sized seed(Gangyou3551)was the third,as the qualified rate was 80.14%,the replay rate was 15.16%,and the missing rate was 4.70%.These results demonstrated that the proposed slider-hole-wheel seeding device had good adaptability to different rice seed sizes,and its seeding performance could meet the agronomic requirements of hill-direct-seeding for hybrid rice.