渔船主机尾气吸收式制冷装置研究

Research on engine exhaust-powered absorption refrigerating device of fishing vessels

主机尾气制冷装置将渔船推进柴油机尾气热能回收转换为给鱼舱渔获物冷藏的冷能,在不增加能耗的基础上提高渔获物保鲜品质,减轻渔民工作负荷,符合国家节能降耗的政策方针。根据目标渔船船型与设备参数,设计了一套实用型渔船氨水吸收式制冷系统,利用热力学基本定律,建立数学模型,分析制冷系统各状态点参数,结合能量守恒和质量守恒定律,计算出整套系统的性能指标,最终得到发生器热负荷、溶液泵和冷却水等参数变化时制冷量和制冷系数的变化规律。装置经过多航次实船运行验证,制冷效果显著;而系统的能量利用效率偏低,有待后续借助模型量化参数后改进提高。

The engine exhaust-powered refrigerating device recovers and converts exhaust heat of propulsion diesel engine of fishing vessels into energy for cold storage of fishes.It can improve fresh-keeping quality of the fishes and reduce the workload of the fishermen without increasing the energy consumption,which is in line with the national policy guidelines of energy conservation and consumption reduction.According to the target ship type and equipment parameters,a set of practical ammonia water absorption refrigeration system for fishing vessels was designed.The basic laws of thermodynamics were used to establish a mathematical model,analyze the parameters of each state point of the refrigeration system,and combine the energy conservation and mass conservation laws to calculate the whole system performance indicators.Finally,the variation of cooling capacity and refrigeration coefficient was obtained while the parameters such as generator heat load,solution pump and cooling water were changed.The device has been verified by multi-voyage operation on vessels,and the cooling effect is significant;however,the energy utilization efficiency of the system is low and needed to be improved by quantifying model parameter.