学院科学与工业技术之间的转化逻辑:美国的经验

####The Logic of Transfer between Academic Science and Industrial Technology:America as an Example

本文通过对美国高校学院科学与工业界技术开发之间关系的历史梳理发现,特定的历史际遇促成美国高校与工业界的合作,并为战后科技体制的形成奠定了基础;战后,大学与工业界之间存在一种各有分工但又略带紧张的互动关系与机制,科技成果转化的动力主要源于工业界的需求而不是大学的内在逻辑;在一个求用的时代,国家科技产业的振兴寄赖于工业界与大学之间的互动,但关键还在于工业界对前沿技术的索求及其良好研究文化的形成。

From a historical perspective,this paper analyzes the relationship between academic science and industrial technology development in America,and draws the conclusions as follows.Specific historical opportunities have contributed to the cooperation between universities and industries and laid the foundation for the formation of postwar American science and technology system.After World WarⅡ,they performed their own duties respectively and established a kind of interactive relationship and mechanism,despite a little bit of tension between them all the time.This is because the impetus for scientific and technological achievements transfer mainly stemmed from the demand of industry rather than the intrinsic logic of universities.In a utilitarian age,the revitalization of the national science and technology industry undoubtedly depends on the interaction between them,but the key lies in whether the industries can take the initiative to demand for cutting-edge technology and to form a good research culture.