陕北洛川蹩鼓的历史功能变迁与传承研究

Research on the Historical Function Change and Inheritance of Luochuan in the North of Shaanxi Province

通过田野调查、文献资料法及逻辑分析法对洛川蹩鼓的变迁及传承进行研究。认为:洛川蹩鼓的起源与先民们对鼓的多符号神通崇拜和鼓在历史军事中的工具理性功能密不可分;洛川蹩鼓由起初的军事、祭祀、娱神和祈祷等神圣化角色扮演向娱人、表演、到教育、健身等世俗化变迁的过程中,呈现出了越来越宽泛的适应性功能;洛川蹩鼓传承载体主要依附于陕北秧歌、社火、庙会、转九曲等陕北民俗节庆仪式;洛川蹩鼓在传承中存在角色神圣与世俗化断裂、象征战争的武鼓与表演化的文鼓断裂;这种断裂一般以机构符号记忆和传统乡土社会的仪式而得以弥补;寄生于陕北秧歌和传统乡土社会民俗仪式是洛川蹩鼓生存与传承的文化基石。

This study is a study of the changes and inheritance of Luochuan gongs and drums through field investigation,literature data and logic analysis.It is believed that:the origin of Luochuan′s gongs and drums is inseparable from the ancestors′multi-symbolic magical worship of drums and the instrumental rational function of drums in historical military;the Luochuan gongs and drums have become more and more adaptive in the process of secularization of the first military,sacrificial,entertaining and prayer,to entertaining,performing,to education,fitness and other secularizations;the Luochuan gong drum bearing carrier is mainly attached to the northern Shaanxi folk songs and festivals such as Yingge,Social Fire,Temple Fair and Zhuanjiuqu;in the inheritance of Luochuan′s gongs and drums,there are sacred and secularized ruptures,symbolic wars of drums and performances of the literary drums;such breaks are generally compensated by institutional symbolic memory and rituals in traditional rural societies;parasitic in the northern Shaanxi Yangge and traditional folk society folk rituals are the cultural cornerstone of the survival and inheritance of Luochuan drums.