河套灌区红花适宜播种期和密度的研究

Study on the suitable planting time and density of safflower in Hetao irrigation area

红花耐旱、耐盐碱、耐寒、抗病,喜欢阳光充足、气候干燥的条件,河套灌区特别适宜红花的种植。为了明确红花的适宜播种期和种植密度,2017年在五原县轻度盐碱地开展了红花的种植密度和播种期田间试验。研究结果表明:播种期和种植密度对红花的株高影响不大,而播种期和种植密度对茎粗有显著影响,4月5日播种的茎粗最粗,种植密度越稀茎粗越粗。在河套灌区播种期为4月5日时,红花花丝产量和籽实产量均最高,随着播种期推迟产量降低。种植密度与红花花丝产量和籽实产量之间均呈较好的二次抛物线相关关系,获得最高花丝产量和籽实产量的种植密度分别为9.13万株/hm2和9.28万株/hm2。为了采摘方便,采用宽窄行种植更好,即采用1.2 m地膜,1膜4行,膜上行距30.0 cm,膜间行距60.0 cm,株距25.0 cm,既保证了种植密度,又方便采摘。

Safflower is resistant to drought,salt and alkali,cold and disease,and prefers sunny and dry conditions.Hetao irrigation district is particularly suitable for planting safflower.In order to explore the suitable planting time and planting density of safflower,field experiments on planting density and seeding time of safflower were carried out in Wuyuan County in 2017.The results showed that sowing time and planting density had little effect on the plant height of safflower,while sowing time and planting density had significant effects on the stem diameter.The thickest stems were sown on April 5,and the more sparse the planting density,the thicker the stems.When the sowing date was April 5 in Hetao irrigation area,the yields of both safflower filament and seed were the highest,and they decreased with the delay of seeding.The planting density was correlated with the yield of safflower filaments and seeds with a good quadratic parabolic curve.The planting densities for maximum filament yield and seed yield were 9.13 and 9.28 million plants/hm2,respectively.For the convenience of picking,it is best to use wide and narrow rows.Specifically,1.2-meter mulch film is adopted,with one film in four rows,with row spacing 30 cm on the film,row spacing 60 cm between the film,and spacing 25 cm in the rows.This pattern not only ensures planting density but also facilitates picking.