河套灌区淖尔水滴灌调蓄能力及发展方式分析

Development strategy and storage capacity of drip irrigation with natural lake water in Hetao irrigation district

内蒙古河套灌区湖渠交错,淖尔众多,蓄水能力大,周边耕地充足,具备利用淖尔发展滴灌的基本条件。淖尔滴灌涉及淖尔选取、水源补给、调节、蓄水、水质处理等多个环节,问题复杂。研究表明:滴灌可利用淖尔98个,面积(春季)平均98.4×102 hm2,蓄水量平均为1.66×108 m3;淖尔水体全盐量、pH值、氯化物、硬度等超标,盐分处于主导地位。维持淖尔现有生态、景观、渔业等功能不变,分凌水、引黄灌溉水可作为人工调节补给水源进行利用;保持现有功能不变时滴灌淖尔可调蓄水量1.97×108 m3,将分凌水、引黄灌溉水引入淖尔混合稀释后利用其调蓄和自净能力是实现水质低成本净化与滴灌可持续发展的关键。

Many lakes exist and punctuate the channel in the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia,which is convenient for drip irrigation using lake water.Managing the drip irrigation with lake water is complex,involving the water source selection,the water recharge,regulation,water supply,water storage,purification of water,and many other considerations.The results showed that there are 98 lakes which occupy 98.4×102 hm2 in area and could be used for drip irrigation in Spring with a the water storage capacity of 1.66×108 m3.The lake water is alkaline with excessive pH values,total salt levels,chloride and hardness,with the salinity taking a leading role in determining water suitability for irrigation.The water from the Yellow River and ice diversion are the effective supply sources for the drip irrigation along with lake water,which can together make the water storage and regulation of lake water up to 1.97×108 m3 while keeping existing functions unchanged.Making good use of the regulation and purification abilities of lake water from the Yellow River is the key for realizing the water quality purification with low cost and the sustainable development of drip irrigation in this region.