法家政治与儒家政治的时间特征——兼评《拒秦兴汉和应对佛教的儒家哲学》

The Time Characteristics of Legalist Politics and Confucian Politics

权力传承是关乎国运的大事,是政治学的一个核心问题,同时也是一个哲理问题,是现象学应该研究的现象。《拒秦兴汉和应对佛教的儒家哲学》一书通过现象学的时间观对权力传承进行了新颖独到的论述。通过它所拓展的视野,我们看到权力传承首先是一个原本的时间问题;法家政治将权力实体化、绝对化、现在时化,这种传承几乎是注定要失败的;儒家基于亲子间的原本时间—意义关系,通过礼乐教化来兴发、维持权力传承,这是它破除和取代法家权力传承模式的重要原因;民主制对于君主制的优势在于权力传承中相互共在的时间结构。但是历史和现实也显示民主制在权力传承方面也存在不少需要克服的问题。

Power transition is related to the fate of a country.It’s a central issue in political science.But in Zhang Xianglong’s point of view,it’s not only a political issue but also a philosophical one and it should be investigated by phenomenology.He made the original analysis of power transition through phenomenological perspective of time.According to Zhang Xianglong,the transfer of power is first an issue of time.The Legalists who make the political power timeless inevitably leads the failure of power transition.The Confucians,based on the original time-meaning relation between parents and children,hold that the power transition should be helped by music education,which is superior to the proposal of the Legalists.The superiority of democracy overmonarchy lies in its structure of time of co-existence.