以诗解《诗》:清代诗经学的文学阐释

Interpretation of The Book of Songs with Poems:Literary Interpretation of the Study of The Book of Songs in the Qing Dynasty

《诗经》从其发生即带有"实用理性"精神,后世对《诗经》的阐释,经学式的政治教化性阐释与文学性的吟咏性情交织在一起。汉代诗经学解释《诗》,偏重于风化政教,《诗》成为政治的附庸。宋学疑经,在研究诠释中对《诗》的文学性有所发扬,但仍拘束于理学。清人受晚明的影响,其诗经学研究中出现一股从文学角度解释《诗》的风潮,形成了文学性解《诗》的诗旨派、诗话派、评点派,从诗学观念、解诗方法、诗艺分析等角度,大力开掘出《诗经》的文学性。其对五四以来把《诗经》归入文学资料,摆脱经学的困扰,有着重要推动作用。

The Book of Songs has been bearing the spirit of“pragmatic reason”from the very day of its birth,and the political enlightenment and literary chants have been mixed together among scholars.In the Han Dynasty,The Book of Songs was interpreted in terms of morals,manners and politics,which made it the dependency of politics.In the Song Dynasty,The Book of Songs attracted a lot of suspicion,and the interpretation was confined to neo-Confucianism,though its literary features were enhanced in the interpretation.Influenced by scholars of the late Ming Dynasty,scholars in the Qing Dynasty tended to interpret The Book of Songs within literary framework and formed many schools,including the school of theme analysis,school of notes on poets and poetry,and school of comments,which made it possible to probe into the literary features of The Book of Songs from the perspectives of literary concepts,methods of interpretation and analysis of poetic arts.All these efforts have contributed to the categorization of The Book of Songs into liberal arts and the breakaway from Confucianism.