生态文明视野下环境库兹涅茨曲线的理论反思

Reflection on the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Thinking of “Economy-SocietyEnvironment” System from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

环境库兹涅茨曲线形成机理揭示的并不是经济发展本身,而是隐含在经济发展背后的人们环保意识的增强、政府环境规制的完善、技术的进步和产业结构的升级等。反思环境库兹涅茨曲线,可知其存在模型内生缺陷、指标选择缺陷、数据来源缺陷以及模型解释力缺陷等。经济发展和生态环境保护是复杂的辩证关系。它们只是"经济—社会—环境"大系统中的一部分。考察"经济—环境"的关系,必须着眼于整个大系统。就"经济—环境"子系统而言,经济发展会影响生态环境质量,而生态环境恶化又会影响经济发展。生态环境质量的改善并非一定是经济发展的内生结果。不同国家或地区的政治、经济、文化和社会制度不同,人口、资源和环境禀赋各异,应根据自身所处的发展阶段选择经济发展路径。

The mechanism of the Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)reveals not the economic development itself,but the enhancement of people’s environmental awareness,the improvement of government environmental regulation,technological progress and the upgrading of industrial structure behind the economic development.Reflecting on the EKC,we can see that it has defects in model endogenous,index selection,data source,and model interpretation.Economic development and ecological environmental protection are complex dialectical relations,which are only part of the“economy-society-environment”system.To investigate the“economy-environment”relationship,we must focus on the whole system.As far as the“economy-environment”subsystem is concerned,economic development will affect the quality of ecological environment,and the deterioration of ecological environment will affect economic development.The improvement of eco-environmental quality is not necessarily the endogenous result of economic development.Different countries or regions have different political,economic,cultural and social systems and different endowments of population,resources and environment.Therefore,the economic development path should be chosen according to its own development stage.