造物“形制”与图案“纹饰”关系研究

Study on the Relationship between the Shape in Object-making and Pattern Ornamentation

图案学牵涉图案的二维与三维空间问题,图案二维与三维的不同空间在本质上是造物"形制"与图案"纹饰"的关系。造物的形制即器物的形状,是立体图案的设计,通常也泛称"造物艺术",在造物形制中常常还有纹样作为器物表面的装饰,即装饰纹样,这就共存一个二维与三维空间的表达。我国传统中的彩陶、玉器、青铜器、秦砖汉瓦,以及唐、宋、元、明、清的造物形制和建筑构件等器物中均有不同程度的装饰纹样,这就形成了造物"形制"与图案"纹饰"的诸多关系。如平面图案(二维)与立体图案(三维)的空间关系、造物形制功能与装饰纹样的关系等,这些"关系"是图案存在的方式与图案形成的核心构成要素与图案原理。

Pattern studies imply the issues of two dimension and three dimension.The difference of space between two dimension and three dimension essentially refers to the relationship between the shape in object-making and pattern ornamentation.The shape in object-making is three dimensional design so that it is also called the art of object-making.In the object-making process,the decorative patterns are applied on the suiface of the object,thus,this becomes an expression of two dimension and three dimension.Various decorative patterns are found in many objects,such as coloiful pottery,jade,bronzes,Qin bricks and Han ties,as well as objects and architectural parts dating to Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.Thus,many relationships were formed between the shape in object-making and pattern ornamentation.For example,the spacial relationship between two dimensional pattern and three dimensional space,and the function of the object-making and the decorative patterns,and so on.These relationships are the existence of patterns,key constitution of pattern and the theory of patterns.