花生组培苗高效嫁接技术

Efficient grafting technique for regenerated plantlet in peanut

为解决花生野生种及转基因组培苗移栽成活率低、田间长势弱等难题,本研究对花生的嫁接技术进行了优化。以黑籽花生品种豫花0215分别在黑暗和光照条件下培养7d的实生苗为砧木,以栽培种、野生种及双二倍体的无菌组培苗为接穗,采用劈接法,以花生的下胚轴为嫁接部位进行嫁接。结果表明,花生砧木的培养方式不同,嫁接成活率差异显著,在黑暗条件下培养的砧木下胚轴达到6cm以上,平均嫁接成活率较高,达到96%以上。不同类型接穗嫁接成活率差异很大,栽培种的嫁接成活率较高,嫁接到黑暗培养的砧木上成活率达到100%。采用黑暗培养的豫花0215作砧木,大大提高了嫁接成活率和嫁接效率,该方法在花生野生种、双二倍体及转基因植株等组培苗的嫁接上获得成功,克服了野生种及后代材料生根困难及移栽成活率低及组培苗移栽后长势弱等问题,值得推广。

It is a critical step to transplant regenerated plantlet derived from wild species or genetic transformation after tissue culture in peanut. Low survival rate and weak growth vigor of transplanted seedlings in the field has long been an obstacle. To solve this problem the grafting technology of peanut was applied and optimized in the present study. The seedlings of black-seed variety-Yuhua 0215 cultivated in full dark or full light conditions for7 days were used as rootstocks. The sterile tissue cultured seedlings of cultivated peanut,wild species,and double diploids materials were used as scions respectively. Using the splicing method,scions were grafted onto the hypocotyls sites of the rootstocks. Our results showed that the survival rate of grafts had significant difference between the two rootstocks. The average survival rate was above 96% in the rootstock that was cultured in full dark condition with the hypocotyls elongated beyond 6 cm in length. Moreover,graft survival rate significantly varied among scions of different peanut varieties and different types. The graft survival rate of cultivars was higher than that of wild species,and the survival rate reached 100% when grafted onto rootstocks cultured in full dark condition. The strategy of using Yuhua 0215 cultured in full dark condition as rootstock greatly improved graft survival rate and graft efficiency. The method also successfully overcame the low survival rate,weak vigor and the rooting difficulty of transplants derived from tissue culture of the wild species,double diploid and transgenic plants,thus had great potential for further application.