共产主义的根本旨趣与中国特色社会主义的历史使命

The Fundamental Purport of Communism and the Historical Mission of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

"每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件",是马克思恩格斯关于人类社会未来前景的纲领性描述,是共产主义学说的凝练表达。共产主义作为一种总体性的历史理论,其根本的立脚点是作为"人类史前史"终结同时又是"人类社会"或"社会化人类"新开端的无产阶级。共产主义作为无产阶级的"感性意识"及其理论表达,一方面是对人类社会"历史之谜"的系统解答,另一方面是无产阶级创造新世界的行动纲领。马克思恩格斯的共产主义学说,及其晚年关于东方社会和俄国公社前途命运的审慎思考,对我们深入理解当今中国发展道路的基本性质和历史使命具有重要启示意义。站在新时代的历史高度回顾共产主义的根本旨趣和展望世界社会主义的前途命运,我们可以更加透彻地把握中国特色社会主义的基本性质和历史使命:中国特色社会主义是马克思主义倡导的人类解放事业的有机组成部分;中国特色社会主义是中华民族历史命脉的有机组成部分;中国特色社会主义是推进当今人类进步事业的有机组成部分;中国特色社会主义既有自己独特的历史贡献和世界意义,也有着自身发展阶段的历史局限性。

The“free development of each is the Precondition for the free development of all”is a programmatic description of the future prospect of human society by Marx and Engels and a concise expression of communist doctrine.Communism as a historical theory of totality,its fundamental foothold is the proletariat,which is the end of the“human prehistory”and the new beginning of the“socialized human beings”.Communism as the“perceptual consciousness”of the proletariat and its theoretical expression is a systematic solution to the“historical myth”of human society on the one hand and an action agenda for the proletariat to create a new world on the other.Marx and Engels’communist doctrine and their prudent reflections on the future and destiny of Eastern society and Russian commune in their later years,are of great significance for us to have a thorough comprehension of the basic nature and historical mission of the road for China’s development today.Standing at the historical height of a new era to review the fundamental purport of communism and to look forward to the future and destiny of global socialism,we can better understand the basic nature and historical mission of socialism with Chinese characteristics:socialism with Chinese characteristics is an integral part of the cause of human emancipation advocated by Marxism;socialism with Chinese characteristics is an integral part of the historical lifeline of the Chinese nation;socialism with Chinese characteristics is an integral part of the cause of promoting today’s human progress;socialism with Chinese characteristics not only has its unique historical contributions with world significance,but also has its historical limitations at the stage of its own development.