外泌体功能与临床应用研究进展

Advances in the study of function and clinical application of exosomes

外泌体是由细胞分泌的膜性囊泡,是细胞间通讯的重要介质,参与到细胞间生物信号的传递。目前有5种公认且较为常用的提取外泌体的方法。外泌体在临床疾病研究中突破性的进展主要体现在外泌体参与肿瘤疾病的进展、外泌体中的核酸或蛋白可以作为疾病的分子标志物、外泌体可以作为药物的载体进行靶向治疗等方面。外泌体在疾病中行使的功能使其极具向临床应用的优势。本文主要从外泌体的发现、提取方法优缺点及其在临床疾病功能的研究进展这三个方面加以阐述。

Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted by cells,which are important mediators for cell communication and participate in the transmission of biological signals between cells.There are five recognized and more commonly used methods of extracting exosomes.The breakthrough of exosomes in clinical research mainly reflects on that exosomes are involved in the development of tumor diseases,nucleic acids or proteins in exosomes can be used as molecular markers of diseases,and exosomes can be used as drug carriers for targeted therapy.The function of exosomes in diseases gives them an advantage in clinical application.This review focuses on the discovery of exosomes,the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes extraction methods and the research progress of exosomes function in clinical diseases.