论《资治通鉴》唐史部分的取材问题——以张均、张垍之死为例

On the Material Selection of Tang Dynasty History in Zi Zhi Tong Jian :In the Case of Zhang Jun and Zhang Ji's Death

《资治通鉴》对于唐代张说之子张均、张垍孰死孰生的最后结局,与两《唐书》《册府元龟》存有歧异。该文以二张事件为例,以原始文献为基础,通过对勘各史料记载,分析各自的取材依据,追究《资治通鉴》在二人生死上的致误缘由,进而论证司马光《资治通鉴》唐史部分的取材问题。该文认为《旧唐书》与其他文献相一致,故而书中对二人结局确凿无误;而《资治通鉴》独取唐代柳珵所著《常侍言旨》孤证不立,在唐史研究方面应慎重使用《资治通鉴》。

Zi Zhi Tong Jian(The History as a Mirror)differs from the old and new Tang Shu(Historical Records of Tang Dynasty)and Ce Fu Yuan Gui(The Historical Records of Important Events in Northern Song Dynasty)in the final outcome of the death and birth of Zhang Jun and Zhang Ji,the sons of Zhang Yue in the Tang Dynasty.Based on the original literature,this article takes their events as an example,by comparing the records of various historical materials,to analyze the basis of their respective materials and to investigate the cause of the mistake in the life and death of them,and then to demonstrate the selection of materials in the history of Tang Dynasty in Sima Guang’s Zi Zhi Tong Jian.We endeavor to correct the previous academic views,and believe that the Jiu Tang Shu is consistent with other documents,so the book is unmistakable as to the two people’s endings.However,Zi Zhi Tong Jian adopted the materials of Chang Shi Yan Zhi(Sayings of the Minister Zhang),which was written by Liu Cheng,an author of Tang Dynasty.We believe that the related narration in this book is not true.In the study of Tang Dynasty’s history,we should use Zi Zhi Tong Jian with caution.To a certain extent,we hope to promote the research of Zi Zhi Tong Jian and the study of historical materials in Tang Dynasty.