永州市涔天河库区的生态和社会效应遥感监测

Identifying the Ecological and Socio-economic Effects of Centianhe Reservoir Based on Remotely Sensed Data

水库的建设为经济的持续发展和社会的稳定做出了重大贡献,同时也带来了一系列生态环境方面的影响。在党的十九大提出要加快生态文明体制改革、建设美丽中国的背景下,评估水库建设的生态和社会效应是衡量区域水库建设成效的基础,对我国合理开展水利工程的开发与建设至关重要。本文基于多源多时期遥感影像,利用人机交互式分类技术,监测了永州市涔天河水库扩建工程建设前中后(2012、2015、2017年)时期内库区内各类型的时空格局变化过程,分析了区域水库扩建对水域、耕地、林地、工程施工、重要基础设施建设、城镇扩张、移民安置、农业种植结构的影响,并评估了库区生态环境和社会经济效应,评估结果表明,利用遥感技术手段结合经济社会统计数据进行生态环境和经济社会环境监测,能够快速、准确地监测了区域内的地表覆盖格局演变过程,涔天河水库扩建工程的建设通过移民开发式扶贫,移民生活水平能得到恢复并有所提高,具有较大的经济效益、社会效益。研究基于以上评估结果,提出了库区要划定生态保护红线,加强规划的制定以及严格控制建设占用耕地等保护库区生态环境的建议。

The construction of reservoirs has made a significant contribution to the sustained economic development and social stability,and has also brought a series of ecological and environmental impacts.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to speed up the reform of the ecological civilization system and build a beautiful China.Under this background,the evaluation of the ecological and social effects of the reservoir construction is the basis for providing information to decision maker,and is very important to rationally develop and construct water conservancy projects.Based on the multi-source and multi-period remote sensing images,this paper uses the human-computer interactive classification technology to monitor the spatial and temporal changes of various land cover types in the Centianhe reservoir area in Yongzhou city during different state of the expansion project of reservoir(the former(2012),middle(2015)and final(2017)stage of expand project).We analyzed the impacts on water domain,the cultivated land,the woodland,the construction land,engineering construction,important infrastructure construction,urban expansion,resettlement and agricultural planting structure,which are caused by the expansion project of reservoir.The results show that the use of remote sensing technology and economic-social statistics are feasible to rapidly and accurately monitor the ecological environment and economic-social environment.The construction of the expansion project of the Centianhe reservoir has restored and improved the life standards of immigrants,which has great economic and social benefits.On the basis of the above evaluation results,the paper puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the ecological protection red line in the reservoir area,the formulation of the planning and the strict control of the occupation of cultivated by constructions.