基于建筑能耗模拟的建筑立面被动设计研究——以天津泰达一大街展览馆为例

Passive Design of Building Facade Based on Energy Consumption Simulation:Taking TEDA Museum of Tianjin for Example

近年来,建筑立面的节能设计研究得到快速发展,但既有的节能设计偏重技术考量,缺乏与立面造型和建筑环境营造的有机结合。尝试以天津泰达一大街展览馆项目为例,探索适宜建筑立面被动设计策略的应用有效性,同时基于建筑能耗模拟,将其与前期方案设计流程同步以支持设计决策,探究既满足建筑空间需求、又符合节能要求的建筑立面设计方法。

Building facade and its structure design are of vital importance and related to the overall building energy consumption.In recent years,research on improving thermal performance of the building exterior envelope structure has been developed rapidly.However,most practiceson energy-saving design of building facade were merely focused on structural technologies such as the ratio of windows and walls,material characteristics or construction details,rather than the combination with architecture aesthetic and environmental concerns during earlier design stages.Taking TEDA Museum of Tianjin as an example,the application of passive design strategies is synchronized with building energy consumption and site analysis to support decision-making process,based on case studies and comparison with the original project.By means of digital simulation technologies,appropriate passive design conception and strategies of building facade optimization are incorporated into first design phase,selected and presented as the energy consumption and architectural factors both requested,which indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.On this basis,analysis of the influence mechanism for building energy consumption is realized,while specific strategies are evaluated and filtered according to their actual performance.The general passive design process for public building facade is established,which is closely integrated with digital simulation and analysis of various climatic factors.The design process is built on a system including the overall review of climatic conditions,the principle forms of building facade in general,the optimization of structure and other details,and the final integration of a collection of the recommended strategies.In order to truly turn energy-saving issues into the chief foundation when it comes to building facade design,selection and optimization,the quantitative outcome and assessment of energy consumption data is taken into account throughout the entire design stages.As known to all,the generation itself of building facade is a complicated result involving a broad range of factors.Therefore,unlike the conventional design methods that mainly relied on subjective experience,the proposed design approach may lead to more than one suitable solution,which makes it possible for architects to get access to all kinds of potential alternatives for further consideration.