被逐者史略:一种基于文学史的解读

A Brief History of the Expelled:An Interpretation from a Perspective of Literary History

驱逐是人类社会惯有的文化现象,也是文学的常见主题。驱逐有四种要素:驱逐者、被驱逐者、空间与空间正义,其中空间正义是驱逐发生的关键因素,而被逐者才是驱逐事件中的能动力量。根据被逐者在观念与行为两方面是否违背空间正义,古典世界诞生了两类被逐者,分别以屈原和但丁为代表,前者实乃空间正义的维护者,后者才是终结古典世界的力量。现代世界的空间正义则是以逐利为本的资本主义,它的扩张导致农民被逐离开土地家园,也导致不能认同它的现代主义作家和艺术家们以自我放逐的姿态进行创作,带着痛苦的灵魂永远流浪于文本空间之中。

Expulsion is a common cultural phenomenon in human society and a common theme in literature.There are four elements of expulsion:expeller,expelled,space and spatial justice,in which spatial justice is the key factor,and the expelled is the dynamic force.There were two typical kinds of expelled people in classical world according to their views or behaviors which violated the spatial justice:one can be represented by the poet Qu Yuan and another by Dante.Expelled people like Qu Yuan are the maintainers of spatial justice,but those who like Dante are the true power of ending the classical world.The spatial justice of the modern world is capitalism which takes making profit as the highest principle,and then compels the peasants to leave their land and also causes modernist writers and artists who disagree with it to create their works as self-exile and wander with their tortured souls in the textual space forever.