阻燃服装面料中混纺纤维的鉴别

Identification of blended fiber in flame-retardant garment fabric

采用显微镜观察法、溶解法、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法和热重(TG)分析法对阻燃服装面料的纤维成分进行鉴别分析。结果表明:采用光学显微镜观察面料中纤维的纵向形态结构,该面料含有两类纤维,一类表面光滑、有清晰的多根沟槽,可能是阻燃粘胶纤维,另一类表面光滑,应为合成纤维;将纱线放入60℃的质量分数为40%硫酸溶液中,有部分纤维溶解,说明存在纤维素纤维,确定有粘胶纤维,未溶解纤维水洗干燥后用FTIR法分析,该合成纤维的FTIR与芳纶1313的FTIR谱图一致,证实合成纤维为芳纶;利用TG分析进一步确定阻燃服装面料由阻燃粘胶纤维和芳纶1313组成。

The composition of a flame-retardant garment fabric was identified by microscopic observation,dissolution method,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis.The longitudinal morphology of the fiber in the fabric was observed by optical microscopy.The results showed that the fabric contained two types of fibers:one type had smooth surface and clear multiple grooves,which might be flame-retardant viscose fiber;the other type had smooth surface,which should be synthetic fiber;some of the fibers were dissolved when the yarn was placed in a 40%sulfuric acid solution by mass fraction at 60°C,indicating the presence of cellulose fibers,one of which was determinately viscose fibers;the undissolved portions of the fibers agreed with aramid fiber 1313 in FTIR spectra,proving that the undissolved fiber was aramid fiber;and the flame-retardant garment fabric was further determined as the combination of flame-retardant viscose fiber and aramid fiber 1313 by TG analysis.