microRNA对哺乳动物卵泡发育的影响

Roles of microRNA on Mammalian Follicle Development

卵巢是动态变化的实质性器官,一个发情周期内卵巢上的卵泡始终经历着募集、选择、优势化等生理过程。卵母细胞以及外周的颗粒细胞和膜细胞共同组成卵巢上功能性单位—卵泡,卵泡发育受卵泡生殖细胞和体细胞间内分泌、自分泌、旁分泌的共同调控。microRNA (miRNA)是一种重要的转录后调控方式,通过与靶基因的3'-UTR结合转录后抑制或降解靶基因的方式,在调控动物卵巢卵泡的发生、发育、颗粒细胞增殖、凋亡及类固醇激素合成分泌等方面发挥重要作用。本文主要对miRNA在哺乳动物卵泡发育中的最新研究进展,包括miRNA对卵泡发育、颗粒细胞、膜细胞功能的影响及其在卵巢上的表达分析等进行综述。通过了解miRNA在卵泡发育中的作用,为进一步解析哺乳动物繁殖性状调控的分子机制奠定基础。

The mammalian ovary is a dynamic parenchyma organ.The ovarian follicle occurs continually physiological process of recruitment,selection and dominance during mammalian estrous cycle.Ovarian follicle is mainly composed of the oocyte,granulosa layers and theca layer.The follicular development is co-regulated by endocrine factors,autocrine and paracrine communication among the oocyte,granulosa and theca cells.microRNAs(miRNAs)post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression through base pairing with the3′-untranslated region of target mRNA,leading to either mRNA cleavage or translational repression.miRNAs have been acknowledged to play an important role in ovarian reproduction and endocrinology,including oogenesis and follicular growth,as well as proliferation,apoptosis,differentiation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells.This review summarized the recent advances in the fields of identification of miRNAs related to the regulation of ovarian function,the role of miRNAs in folliculogenesis,follicle development,as well as proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,steroidogenesis of granulosa cell and theca cell.This review will lay the foundation for understanding the regulatory mechanism of mammalian reproduction based on summing up the role of miRNAs on follicle development.