北京松山自然保护区典型植物群落物种多样性研究

Study on Plant Diversity of Typical Plant Communities in Songshan Nature Reserve,Beijing

基于2017年对北京松山自然保护区6种典型植物群落物种调查数据,选取α、β多样性指数描述植物群落乔、灌、草本层植被多样性特征,分析影响植物群落多样性的主导因素。结果表明:(1)研究区内共有40科58属75种植物种;主要乔木优势种为油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)和山杨(Populus davidiana);灌木层优势种为土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens Turcz.)和扁担杆(Grewia biloba G.Don);林下草本多以菊科植物(Compositae)为主。(2)不同植物生长型间Shannon-Wiener多样性与丰富度指数排序均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;随着山体高度的增加,林下草本α多样性指数增大,草本物种丰富度、均匀度都对其α多样性影响较大。(3)分析从山底到山顶草本β多样性指数的变化趋势发现,草本共有种经历先减少后增加,物种替代率则呈先增大后降低的变化模式。研究认为,在今后生物多样性保护实施过程中,需按照自然演替规律,综合考虑冠层物种组成与结构、微地形的调控作用,制定合理可行的保护经验和技术,为森林群落多样性保护及其生态功能的发挥提供科学支撑。

Based on the field survey of species composition and diversities in six typical plant communities of Songshan Nature Reserve,Beijing in 2017,we selected the diversity indices of α and β to describe the plant diversity characteristics of arborous,shrub and herbal layers and their main dominants.(1)The standard plots surveyed in Songshan Nature Reserve were composed of 75 species which belongs to 58 genera and 40 families.Major dominent species in arborous layer were Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.,Quercus mongolica,Populus tomentosa Carr.and Populus davidiana.Spiraea pubescens Turcz.and Grewia biloba G Don were dominant or sub-dominant species in the shrub layer.Compositae species were widely distributed in herbal layer.(2)Shannon-Wiener and richness indices were sized as herbal,shrub and arborous layer.The indices ofαdiversity in herbal layer increased with elevation,of which layer the richness and evenness influencedαdiversity significantly.(3)Considering the variation ofβdiversity along the altitudinal gradient,herbaceous common species decreased at first and then increased,while turnover rates of species were gradually increased first and then decreased.Therefore,the synthetic regulation of stand structure and micro-topography should be considered on biodiversity conservation which followed the law of natural succession,formulating reasonable and feasible conservation experience and technology to provide scientific support for the protection of forest community diversity and its ecological function.