最佳倾角的单轴逐日系统设计研究

Design and research on single-shaft daily system with optimum dip angle

为解决当下灰尘附着、鸟类粪便和气象等问题导致逐日系统光转换率降低,甚至导致光传感器失效等问题,根据太阳辐射模型和最佳倾角数学模型,以单片机STC89C51为控制模块,光伏板作为接收平台,步进电机作为动作枢纽,辅以A/D转换模块、时钟模块等,设计一种简易无传感器逐日系统。系统内光伏板既作为发电装置使用同时也作为光传感器来辅助单片机判断太阳方向,系统各部分电路的协调工作省去了安装光学传感器。基于太谷县3月、7月、10月全晴天太阳位置进行跟踪,利用Matlab对理论值和实验值进行统计分析,平均误差小于5%,并选取7月份太谷县连续5个全晴天进行跟踪,数据表明,在10:00—15:00范围内,系统精度较大,相对误差小于2%。该系统对太阳能的高效利用和推广普及具有重要意义。

The problems of dust adhesion,bird droppings and meteorology may reduce the light conversion rate of the daily system,and even leads to the failure of light sensor.According to solar radiation model and optimum dip angle mathematical model,a simple sensorless daily system is designed by taking microcontroller STC89C51as the control module,photovoltaic panel as the receiving platform,stepper motor as the movement hub,and A/D conversion module and clock module as the auxiliary modules.The photovoltaic panel in the system is used as the power generation device,and as the light sensor to assist the SCM for the judgment of the sun direction.The coordination working of each circuit in the system can avoid the installation of optical sensor.The system is used to track the sun location of all sunny days in March,July and October of Taigu County.The statistical analysis is carried out for the theoretical value and experimental value with Matlab,and it shows that the average error is less than5%.Five sunny days in July of Taigu County are selected to track the sun location.The data shows that the system accuracy is high from10AM to15PM in a day,and the relative error is less than2%.The system has a great significance on effective utilization and popularization of solar energy.